Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), a group of compounds frequently misused by athletes and, unfortunately, also by the general population, have lately attracted global attention; thus, significant demands for more precise, facile, and rapid AAS detection

According to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, anabolic agents consist of exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), endogenous AAS and other anabolic agents such as clenbuterol and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs).

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) make up one of the most prevalent classes of performance-enhancing drugs banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the competitive advantage they can afford athletes. Mass spectrometry-based methods coupled

A simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for determining the presence of seven anabolic steroids (boldenone, nandrolone, testosterone, methyltestosterone, epiandrosterone, androsterone, and atnozolol) in human urine. Glucuronide-conjugates

The detection of target anabolic steroids in doping analysis has generally been performed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2) is gradually

Background and objectives Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, modified to enhance its anabolic actions (promotion of protein synthesis and muscle growth). They have numerous side effects, and are on the International Olympic

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are an important class of doping agents. The metabolism of these substances is generally very extensive and includes phase-I and phase-II pathways. In this work, a comprehensive detection of these metabolites is

This study describes an on-line stacking CE approach by sweeping with whole capillary sample filling for analyzing five anabolic androgenic steroids in urine samples. The five anabolic steroids for detection were androstenedione, testosterone,

When testing for anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) outside sports communities, for example, in healthcare and forensic medicine, urine is the matrix of choice. However, there are drawbacks with urinary sampling, and serum might be useful as a

Virtually all professional and amateur sporting organizations forbid the use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). The International Olympic Committee, United States Olympic Committee, and more recently the National Collegiate Athletic Association

Anabolic steroids are banned substances in equine sports. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the traditional technique for doping control analysis of anabolic steroids in biological samples. Although liquid chromatography-mass

Modern diagnosis of hormone deficiency and excess states, particularly when subtle, relies heavily on static and dynamic tests of hormone production. Consequently, the evolution of clinical endocrinology has been intimately linked to the development of

The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method utilizing the state-of-the-art protein arrays technique to detect urinary anabolic steroids (ASs) in athletes. Three experiments were designed to investigate the feasibility